What are the three types of transformers?

Transformers are electrical devices used to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. They come in various types based on their construction and application. The three primary types of transformers are:

1. Power Transformers:

   • Purpose: Used in transmission networks for step-up and step-down voltage applications.
   • Location: Found in power stations and electrical substations.
   • Features: Designed for high efficiency and are capable of handling large power levels, typically greater than 500 kVA.

2. Distribution Transformers:

   • Purpose: Used to distribute electricity to end-users by stepping down the voltage to safer, usable levels.
   • Location: Found in residential areas, commercial buildings, and industries.
   • Features: Operate at lower efficiency compared to power transformers but are optimized for low voltage distribution and often range from 5 kVA to 500 kVA.

3. Instrument Transformers:

   • Types:
     • Current Transformers (CTs): Reduce high currents to a lower value for measurement and protection.
     • Voltage (or Potential) Transformers (VTs): Reduce high voltages to a lower value for measurement and protection.
   • Purpose: Used in metering and protective relays in electrical power systems.
   • Features: Provide isolation between high voltage power circuits and low voltage measuring instruments.

Each type of transformer is tailored to specific applications and operates under different voltage and current conditions to ensure efficient and safe power distribution and measurement.

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